History and Significance of Onam
The Legend of Onam:
Onam is a major festival celebrated in Kerala, marking the annual visit of King Mahabali (or Maveli) to his homeland. The origins of the festival are steeped in Hindu mythology. Mahabali was a benevolent demon king known for his just rule and immense popularity among his subjects. According to legend, Mahabali, the grandson of the sage Prahlada, had conquered the three worlds—heaven, earth, and the netherworld—defeating the Devas (gods) in the process.
Concerned about Mahabali’s increasing power, the Devas approached Lord Vishnu for help. Vishnu, who admired Mahabali’s devotion and fair rule, decided to test him. Taking the form of Vamana, a dwarf Brahmin boy, Vishnu asked Mahabali for three paces of land. The king, known for his generosity, granted this seemingly modest request. Vamana then grew to immense size, covering the earth and sky with his first two steps. With no land left for the third step, Mahabali offered his own head. Vamana placed his foot on Mahabali’s head, pushing him to the netherworld (Pathala). However, Vishnu, pleased by Mahabali’s devotion and righteousness, granted him the boon to return to his kingdom once every year. This annual visit of Mahabali is celebrated as Onam.
Significance of Onam:
Onam is not just a religious festival but also a celebration of Kerala’s rich cultural heritage. It signifies the end of the monsoon season and the beginning of the harvest period, highlighting the importance of agriculture, food, and the hard work of farmers. The festival fosters unity, as people of all communities, regardless of religion or caste, come together to celebrate. It symbolizes prosperity, joy, and communal harmony.
Cultural and Traditional Practices:
1. Atham (Day 1): On the first day of Onam, Keralites begin by creating a simple floral design called Athapoo (a basic Pookalam). This day marks the start of the festival, with homes decorated and prayers offered.
2. Chithira (Day 2): The second day involves cleaning homes and adding more layers of flowers to the Pookalam, which now includes earthen mounds representing King Mahabali.
3. Chodhi (Day 3): This day is reserved for shopping. People buy new clothes and jewelry to wear during the festival. The Pookalam is further elaborated with additional floral layers.
4. Vishakam (Day 4): The focus shifts to preparing the grand Onam feast (Onam Sadhya), which consists of multiple traditional vegetarian dishes served on banana leaves.
5. Anizham (Day 5): The highlight of this day is the Vallamkali, or snake boat race, held on the Pampa River. This exciting event is accompanied by a grand parade, drawing spectators from across Kerala.
6. Thriketta (Day 6): On this day, the Pookalam is further decorated with more flowers. People exchange gifts and those living away from their hometowns return to celebrate with their families.
7. Moolam (Day 7): The Onasadya, a special meal, is served in temples and homes. This day also features traditional dance performances like Puli Kali. Families visit each other’s homes to share blessings and celebrate.
8. Pooradam (Day 8): Miniatures of Mahabali and Vamana are brought home and placed in the center of the Pookalam. This symbolizes the welcoming of the king.
9. Uthradam (Day 9): Considered the peak of Onam, Uthradam marks the arrival of Mahabali in Kerala. Preparations for the Sadhya feast are finalized, and homes are cleaned and decorated.
10. Thiruvonam (Day 10): The final day of Onam features the completion of the Pookalam with rice flour batter. Celebrations include lighting, fireworks, and folk music and dance. This day also involves charity, with people donating to those in need.
An Overview:
Onam is celebrated during Chingam, the first month of the Malayalam calendar, and spans ten days. It is a time when Kerala is lush and green, thanks to the monsoon rains. The festival is a perfect reflection of Kerala’s culture and traditions, showcasing its agricultural roots and the spirit of unity among its people.
For those who cannot celebrate in Kerala, it’s easy to join in the festivities with the help of services like Milkbasket, which offers a range of products needed for the celebrations—from fresh flowers to ingredients for the Onam feast.
Wishing you a joyous and prosperous Onam!
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